For many years, investors have attempted to diversify their overall portfolios by trying to pick stocks across a diverse set of asset classes. Which is all well and good, but the problem it generally runs into is you should also be diversified within any given asset class, lest something adverse happen to the company you happened to bet on. Yet as soon as your diversifying both within, and between asset classes, now your running a portfolio of potentially 40+ equities, and even the active investor rarely has time to do due diligence on the hundreds of companies required to find 40 excellent investments.
ETF. The latest all important acronym to add to your vocabulary. ETF stands for exchange traded fund; a relatively recent innovation that allows investors to directly target sectors for investment, instead of picking individual stocks, and praying those stocks wont underperform their sector. ETFs are similar to mutual funds, with a couple important differences. They can be bought and sold like a stock, no minimum investment or redemption fees, and you can short them.
Each ETF is designed to mimic an investment in a certain industry, region, or type of stock. Some examples of ETFs are the XLI, XLU, and EWC. These ETFs grant an investor exposure to the industrial sector of the S&P 500, the utilities sector of the S&P 500, and the entire Canadian stock market, respectively. Similarly, one who simply wanted to match the S&P 500 indexs returns could just invest in the SPY.
One question remains; why should an investor choose an ETF over a mutual fund. After all, mutual funds have professional managers whose sole responsibility is the management of money. Surely these investment professionals are the best place to go for excess returns? Well there are a couple downsides to mutual funds that aren't experienced by ETFs. First off, there are slight tax advantages for ETFs compared to mutual funds. Should a large sell of occur in a mutual fund, the mutual fund has to sell its holdings, and incur capital gains to be paid by the remaining holders of the mutual fund. Due to how ETFs are set up, this cannot occur, and so you only pay capital gains when you sell (or cover) your position.
Of course, the vast convenience ETFs have over mutual funds shouldn't be underestimated. ETFs can be traded just like a stock, giving active traders the ability to buy and sell intraday. The ability to short was impossible with a mutual fund, but now it can be done. During any bear market, the ability to benefit from the fall of sectors as well as their rise is a valuable one to have.
Another important consideration is that most of the more liquid ETFs are optionable. This means that option-savvy investors can harness the power of stock options to change the risk-reward profile of their positions, and risk-conscious investors can use stratagems such as the covered call and protective put to protect their investment.
When investing in ETFs, its important to consider how exactly that ETF works. This can usually be found with a quick google search. While most ETFs attain their returns simply by holding the underlying securities, other ETFs use more exotic means to match their benchmark/investment objective, sometimes with varying success. Particularly important is the differentiation between an ETF and an ETN. ETNs are debt based investments, similar to bonds in some ways, and so their value is also partially dependent on the issuer. For this reason, investments in ETNs should be approached with caution, especially in the current, credit-tight market.
ETFs are a diverse tool that allows one to remove risk from ones portfolio by investing in sectors instead of individual companies. They allow investors to benefit from downturns in markets as well as the uptrends. And they allow the investor to take advantage of options on sectors, which options-savvy investors can use to supercharge returns. Given their great variety of uses, ETFs should be a valued part of any investors portfolio, to be ignored at the investors peril.
ETF. The latest all important acronym to add to your vocabulary. ETF stands for exchange traded fund; a relatively recent innovation that allows investors to directly target sectors for investment, instead of picking individual stocks, and praying those stocks wont underperform their sector. ETFs are similar to mutual funds, with a couple important differences. They can be bought and sold like a stock, no minimum investment or redemption fees, and you can short them.
Each ETF is designed to mimic an investment in a certain industry, region, or type of stock. Some examples of ETFs are the XLI, XLU, and EWC. These ETFs grant an investor exposure to the industrial sector of the S&P 500, the utilities sector of the S&P 500, and the entire Canadian stock market, respectively. Similarly, one who simply wanted to match the S&P 500 indexs returns could just invest in the SPY.
One question remains; why should an investor choose an ETF over a mutual fund. After all, mutual funds have professional managers whose sole responsibility is the management of money. Surely these investment professionals are the best place to go for excess returns? Well there are a couple downsides to mutual funds that aren't experienced by ETFs. First off, there are slight tax advantages for ETFs compared to mutual funds. Should a large sell of occur in a mutual fund, the mutual fund has to sell its holdings, and incur capital gains to be paid by the remaining holders of the mutual fund. Due to how ETFs are set up, this cannot occur, and so you only pay capital gains when you sell (or cover) your position.
Of course, the vast convenience ETFs have over mutual funds shouldn't be underestimated. ETFs can be traded just like a stock, giving active traders the ability to buy and sell intraday. The ability to short was impossible with a mutual fund, but now it can be done. During any bear market, the ability to benefit from the fall of sectors as well as their rise is a valuable one to have.
Another important consideration is that most of the more liquid ETFs are optionable. This means that option-savvy investors can harness the power of stock options to change the risk-reward profile of their positions, and risk-conscious investors can use stratagems such as the covered call and protective put to protect their investment.
When investing in ETFs, its important to consider how exactly that ETF works. This can usually be found with a quick google search. While most ETFs attain their returns simply by holding the underlying securities, other ETFs use more exotic means to match their benchmark/investment objective, sometimes with varying success. Particularly important is the differentiation between an ETF and an ETN. ETNs are debt based investments, similar to bonds in some ways, and so their value is also partially dependent on the issuer. For this reason, investments in ETNs should be approached with caution, especially in the current, credit-tight market.
ETFs are a diverse tool that allows one to remove risk from ones portfolio by investing in sectors instead of individual companies. They allow investors to benefit from downturns in markets as well as the uptrends. And they allow the investor to take advantage of options on sectors, which options-savvy investors can use to supercharge returns. Given their great variety of uses, ETFs should be a valued part of any investors portfolio, to be ignored at the investors peril.
About the Author:
The first step to making money in the markets is learning them, so visit my website and become a market virtuoso! Come and master "insider secrets" such as ETF Investing, stock option strategies, sector rotation, and shorting stock! Release the true power of Exchange Traded Funds in your portfolio, and allow your portfolio to be the best it can be
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